Jakarta Sebuah penelitian terkait serangan jantung yang dipublikasi dalam Circulation, A Journal of the American Heart Association mencengangkan banyak pihak. Penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa sebenarnya serangan jantung dapat dideteksi satu bulan lebih awal sebelum serangan terjadi.
Namun, gejala yang terdeteksi bukanlah nyeri dada seperti angggapan banyak orang. Tapi, hal-hal yang justru dianggap sepele seperti mudah lelah dan gangguan tidur di malam hari.
Studi yang membuat geger dunia kesehatan ini memang fokus pada kaum wanita. Namun, bukan berarti pria dapat memandang sebelah mata gejala serupa. Karena itu, sederetan tanda peringatan dini serangan jantung ini dapat menjadi bekal untuk seseorang menjadi waspada.
Tanda Awal Serangan Jantung
Penelitian yang dilakukan di lima rumah sakit berbeda di Arkansas, Carolina Selatan dan Ohio, Amerika ini melibatkan setidaknya 515 orang wanita dengan rentang usia 29 hingga 57 tahun. Keseluruhan wanita ini merupakan pasien yang baru saja mengalami serangan jantung.
Mereka diberikan sejumlah pertanyaan terkait gejala dan tanda yang dialami setidaknya satu bulan sebelum serangan jantung terjadi dan mereda setelah serangan jantung tersebut tertangani.
Dari 70 pertanyaan yang disodorkan, terkuak bahwa tanda yang paling sering dialami oleh para korban serangan jantung tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
- 70% mengalami rasa lelah yang tidak biasa dialami sebelumnya
- 48% mengalami gangguan tidur
- 42% mengalami sesak napas yang mengganggu
- 39% mengalami masalah pencernaan
- 35% mengalami rasa cemas yang tidak bisa dijelaskan sebabnya
Dari jumlah tersebut, ternyata hanya 30% dari pasien yang merasa mengalami nyeri dada. Padahal inilah tanda yang sebenarnya merupakan ciri khas serangan jantung.
Ketidakbiasaan tanda yang menjadi peringatan dini serangan jantung membuat banyak pihak, termasuk dokter, kemudian luput dari kecurigaan ke arah serangan jantung sehingga diagnosisnya banyak terlewatkan.
Tentu tidak serta merta semua orang yang mengalami kelelahan atau gangguan tidur harus curiga akan terkena akan terkena serangan jantung di kemudian hari.
Mereka yang harus waspada terhadap tanda peringatan dini serangan jantung adalah yang memiliki faktor risiko cukup tinggi, seperti:
- Usia >45 tahun untuk pria dan >55 tahun untuk wanita
- Memiliki riwayat penyakit jantung atau diabetes di keluarga
- Pernah terkena serangan jantung sebelumnya atau memiliki riwayat tekanan darah, gula darah atau kolesterol tinggi yang tidak terkontrol
- Merokok
- Pernah dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi jantung dan hasilnya tidak normal
Waspadalah jika Anda atau orang terdekat Anda merupakan kandidat dengan faktor risiko tinggi serangan jantung tersebut perlu waspada. Segera periksakan kondisi kesehatan jantung sebelum terlambat.
(DA/ RH)
Sumber : klikdokter.com
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